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The Kura–Araxes culture ((アゼルバイジャン語:Kür-Araz mədəniyyəti), (アルメニア語:Կուր-արաքսյան մշակույթ), (グルジア語:მტკვარ-არაქსის კულტურა)) or the early trans-Caucasian culture was a civilization that existed from 3400 BC until about 2000 BC,〔The early Trans-Caucasian culture – I.M. Diakonoff, 1984〕 which has traditionally been regarded as the date of its end, but in some locations it may have disappeared as early as 2600 or 2700 BC. The earliest evidence for this culture is found on the Ararat plain; thence it spread northward in Caucasus by 3000 BC (but never reaching Colchis). Altogether, the early Trans-Caucasian culture enveloped a vast area approximately 1,000 km by 500 km,〔The Hurro-Urartian people – John A.C. Greppin〕 and mostly encompassed, on modern-day territories, the Southern Caucasus (except western Georgia), Northwestern Iran, the Northeastern Caucasus, Eastern Turkey, and as far as Syria.〔K. Kh. Kushnareva. Routledge 2015. ISBN 1-134-44027-8 p 163〕 The name of the culture is derived from the Kura and Araxes river valleys. Kura–Araxes culture is also sometimes known as Shengavitian, Karaz (Erzurum), Pulur, and Yanik (Azerbaijan) cultures. It also gave rise to the later Khirbet Kerak ware culture found in Syria and Canaan after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. == Early history == Shulaveri-Shomu culture preceded the Kura–Araxes culture in the area. Yet there were many differences between these two cultures, so the connection was not clear. Later, it was suggested that the Sioni culture of Eastern Georgia possibly represented a transition from the Shulaveri to the Kura-Arax cultural complex. At various sites, the Sioni culture layers can be seen as intermediary between Shulaver-Shomu-Tepe layers, and the Kura-Araxes layers.〔Kighuradze T. 1998:19〕 This kind of stratigraphy warrants a chronological place of the Sioni culture at around 4000 BCE.〔Guram Mirtskhulava, Guram Chikovani, (PHASE OF TRANSITION TO THE KURA-ARAXES CULTURE IN EASTERN GEORGIA. ) ''Problems of Early Metal Age Archaeology of Caucasus and Anatolia''. Proceedings of International Conference. Tbilisi, 2014〕 Nowadays scholars consider the Kartli area, as well as the Kakheti area (in the river Sioni region) as key to forming the earliest phase of the Kura-Araxes culture.〔 To a large extent, this appears as an indigenous culture of Caucasus that was formed over a long period, but at the same time incorporating various foreign influences. There are some indications (such as at Arslantepe) of the overlapping in time of the Kura-Araxes and Uruk cultures; such contacts may go back even to the Middle Uruk period.〔Giorgi Leon Kavtaradze (2012), (On the Importance of the Caucasian Chronology for the Foundation of the Common Near Eastern – East European Chronological System )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kura–Araxes culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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